Final answer:
Thomas Jefferson is the one who pushed for reforms in legal and prison systems and in education. He also drafted the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom and founded the University of Virginia, deeply influenced by enlightenment principles and ideas from John Locke.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individual who pushed for reforms in legal and prison systems and in education among the options provided is Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson was deeply involved in the creation of the American legal system and took an active role in reforming education, drafting the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom and founding the University of Virginia. He believed in enlightenment principles, and his rationale in the Declaration of Independence is primarily based on the theories of John Locke, focusing on the rights of individuals and the consent of the governed.
Other figures mentioned, like John Locke, were significant in shaping governmental philosophy with their social contract theory. Locke is known for his view that government should protect individual freedoms. Karl Marx, on the other hand, contributed to the discourse on society and economics by highlighting the concept of class struggle. Industrialists like Robert Owen attempted social reform directly through their business practices, providing better conditions and education for workers.