Final answer:
The zygomatic process of the temporal bone is the prominent arched process that articulates with the zygoma, forming the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch, an important structure for facial features and muscle attachment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The prominent arched process that articulates with the zygoma to complete the zygomatic arch is known as the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. This process is an extension from the temporal bone that forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch.
The zygomatic arch itself is a key anatomical feature on the side of the skull, which spans from the cheek area to just above the ear canal. It is established by the coming together of two bony processes: the anterior temporal process of the zygomatic bone, commonly referred to as the cheekbone, and the posteriorly situated zygomatic process of the temporal bone. These two processes merge together to create the arch, similar to the closure of a drawbridge. This bony arch is not only significant for facial structure but also serves as an anchor point for the major muscles that facilitate biting and chewing by elevating the mandible.