Final answer:
Hemispheric lateralization is the term for the different functions between the right and left cerebral hemispheres, with language typically in the left and spatial abilities in the right. This is due to the crossing of neural pathways in the brainstem. The 'left-brained' or 'right-brained' myth simplifies this complex lateralization of brain function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that refers to the differences in function between the right and left sides of the cerebrum is hemispheric lateralization. This concept relates to how certain cognitive processes or functions are more dominant in one hemisphere than the other. For instance, in most people, language functions are more concentrated in the left hemisphere, while spatial abilities and abstract reasoning are often associated with the right hemisphere. Our brains are wired in such a way that the left hemisphere predominantly controls the right side of the body, and the right hemisphere predominantly controls the left side. This is due to the crossing of neural connections in the brainstem, known as the decussation of pyramids, where the descending (motor) and ascending (sensory) neural pathways cross to the opposite sides of the body.
Understanding the lateralization of brain function is crucial in neuroscience and psychology, but it is important to note that this concept has been oversimplified in the myth of being 'left-brained' or 'right-brained.' While lateralization exists, both hemispheres work together and many functions, such as language, are distributed throughout the cerebrum.