Final answer:
The plasma is the fluid portion of the blood that contains water, proteins, salts, lipids, and glucose. It is separated from the heavier elements of the blood through centrifugation and plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's pH, osmotic load, and protection. Plasma also contains coagulation factors and antibodies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The plasma is the fluid portion of the blood. It is the upper liquid layer that separates from the heavier elements of the blood, such as cells and platelets, when the blood is centrifuged. Plasma consists of 90 percent water along with various substances required for maintaining the body's pH, osmotic load, and protecting the body. It also contains coagulation factors and antibodies.