Question

The passage states that in hypoxia glycolysis is further increased while mitochondrial functions are attentuated.

What are the effects of hypoxia on energy metabolism?

a) citric acid cycle is induced to produce more NADH
b) lactic acid fermentation is induced to regenerate NAD+
c) the electron transport chain is induced to consume more NADH
d) glycogenesis is induced to regenerate NAD+

Answer 1

Hypoxia affects energy metabolism by increasing glycolysis and attenuating mitochondrial function. In hypoxia, lactic acid fermentation is induced to regenerate NAD+, which allows glycolysis to continue without producing ATP. This ensures the continuation of energy production in the absence of oxygen.

Step-by-step explanation:

Hypoxia, which refers to a lack of oxygen, has several effects on energy metabolism. One effect is that glycolysis, the process by which glucose is broken down to produce ATP, is increased. This is because glycolysis does not require oxygen. However, the function of the mitochondria, which is responsible for producing ATP through aerobic respiration, is attenuated in hypoxia. This means that less ATP is produced through the citric acid cycle, and instead, lactic acid fermentation is induced to regenerate NAD+. This process does not produce ATP, but it allows glycolysis to continue by recycling the electron carrier NADH back into its oxidized form, NAD+.