Question

Upon assessment, the nurse suspects that a patient with COPD may have bronchospasm. What manifestations validate the nurse's concern? (Select all that apply.)

a) Wheezes
b) Jugular vein distention
c) Decreased airflow
d) Compromised gas exchange
e) Ascites

Answer 1

Bronchospasm in a COPD patient is indicated by evidence of wheezing, decreased airflow, and compromised gas exchange. Jugular vein distention and ascites are not commonly associated with bronchospasm.

Step-by-step explanation:

Manifestations of Bronchospasm in COPD

When assessing a patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) for bronchospasm, certain clinical manifestations support the nurse's suspicion. The following symptoms validate the concern for bronchospasm:

Wheezes: A high-pitched whistling sound during breathing, especially on expiration, which indicates airway obstruction.

Decreased airflow: Difficulty moving air in and out of the lungs, observable through reduced expiratory airflow on physical examination or spirometry.

Compromised gas exchange: The lung changes associated with COPD, such as a breakdown of connective tissues in the alveoli, lead to trapped air and impaired gas exchange, which may manifest as shortness of breath and hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood).

Jugular vein distention and ascites are not typically associated with bronchospasm but could be indicative of other conditions, such as heart failure.