Final answer:
Émile Durkheim and Karl Marx created the two ideal types of societies: mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two ideal types of societies based on the structure of social relationships and the degree of shared values among societal members were created by Émile Durkheim and Karl Marx.
Durkheim proposed the concept of mechanical solidarity, which describes a society with strong social bonds based on a shared collective conscience and similar roles and values. This type of society is often found in traditional and small-scale societies.
Marx, on the other hand, introduced the idea of organic solidarity, which characterizes a society where individuals are interdependent and have specialized roles. This type of society often emerges in more complex and industrialized societies.