Final answer:
The lateral translation of the calcaneus refers to the movement of the calcaneus bone towards the lateral side, while medial malalignment refers to its movement towards the medial side. The calcaneofibular ligament supports the talus bone and resists excess inversion of the foot.
Step-by-step explanation:
The lateral translation of the calcaneus or medial malalignment refers to the movement or misalignment of the calcaneus bone towards the lateral or medial side, respectively. The calcaneofibular ligament, located on the lateral side of the ankle joint, plays a role in supporting the talus bone and resisting excess inversion of the foot.