Final answer:
Patients on an IV drip of dextrose or saline are at risk for nutritional deficiencies because these solutions lack essential nutrients. Micronutrient deficiencies can result from prolonged use of such IV fluids. More complete nutrition may be provided through total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in certain cases.
Step-by-step explanation:
Patients receiving only IV infusion of dextrose or saline are at risk for nutritional deficiencies. These intravenous solutions provide hydration and may offer some energy, but they lack the essential nutrients needed for a balanced diet. When individuals are on an IV treatment with these simple fluids, they are not receiving a complete spectrum of nutrients required for the body's normal function. This can lead to micronutrient deficiencies, particularly if the IV treatment is prolonged without supplementation of vitamins and minerals.
Micronutrient deficiencies are common in undernourished individuals who do not meet their energy requirement. These deficiencies can include vital substances such as vitamins and minerals that the body needs to function correctly. People who are treated with other immunosuppressive medications, with HIV infection, or with malnutrition may also be at risk. To prevent nutritional deficiencies in a dehydrated human patient who needs IV fluids, a more nutrient-rich solution like a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may be given, depending on the patient's needs and the care setting.