Final answer:
Braces or splints that prevent or correct deformities are called orthotics, prescribed by orthopedists for various conditions, including spina bifida.
Step-by-step explanation:
Braces or splints used to prevent or correct deformities are referred to as orthotics. They are distinct from prosthetics, which are devices that replace a missing body part. Orthopedic doctors, or orthopedists, specialize in the musculoskeletal system and may prescribe orthotics as part of treatment. Orthotics support and reinforce the underlying bone structure and can be crucial in the management of various conditions. For instance, to correct spina bifida, a congenital defect in which the neural canal in the spine of the fetus does not fully close, prenatal surgery or postnatal orthotic treatment may be required.