Final answer:
In English, the final consonant is doubled when adding a suffix starting with a vowel to a word with a CVC pattern and one vowel sound. The final 'e' in words is deleted when adding a vowel-starting suffix, particularly when 'e' denotes a long vowel or makes 'c' or 'g' soft. The letter 'u' after 'q' is considered a consonant, not affecting the doubling rule.
Step-by-step explanation:
In English, when we add a suffix to a word, certain spelling rules apply. One rule involves doubling the final consonant of a word when a suffix starting with a vowel is added. This usually happens when a word ends in a consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) pattern, has only one vowel sound, or the final vowel has strong stress. For instance, when adding -ing to the word 'hop' which is CVC with one vowel sound, it becomes 'hopping' with a doubled consonant.
Another rule is about deleting the final e when adding a suffix. If the final e makes the c or g soft, or is marking a long vowel, it gets removed if the suffix starts with a vowel, especially with e, i, or y. For example, 'dance' becomes 'dancing', dropping the final e when adding the -ing suffix.
In cases where u follows the letter q, it acts as a consonant, not a vowel. Words like 'quit' and 'quiz' don’t double the following t or z when adding -ing because u here isn’t considered a vowel sound, preserving the words as 'quitting' and 'quizzing'.