Question

Which of the following would not be included in the value chain?

a) website development costs
b) costs to deliver product to retail outlets
c) costs of print advertisements
d) all of these costs would be included as part of the value chain.

Answer 1

All listed costs,(option d) including website development, delivery to retail outlets, and print advertisements, are included in the value chain, which details all steps from product conception to delivery and after-sale services.

Step-by-step explanation:

Among the options listed, none of them would be excluded from the value chain because the value chain encompasses all activities from the conception of a product through to its delivery and marketing. Specifically, website development costs would be included as it relates to creating a platform for marketing or selling the product. Costs to deliver product to retail outlets are also included as they are part of the distribution and logistics activity, ensuring the product reaches the customer. Lastly, costs of print advertisements fall under marketing and promotion, which are essential elements of the value chain. The value chain is integral for understanding how goods are produced in stages and the specialty roles that various firms play in producing the components that go into the final product.