Final answer:
Nociceptors and thermoreceptors are the types of receptors that respond to extreme temperatures, with nociceptors being activated by potentially damaging stimuli, resulting in pain sensations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of receptors that respond to temperatures above 113 degrees Fahrenheit and below 50 degrees Fahrenheit are nociceptors and thermoreceptors. Nociceptors are pain receptors that are activated by potentially damaging mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimuli beyond a set threshold, which can result in the sensation of pain.
Thermoreceptors, on the other hand, are sensitive to temperature changes and send information via neural pathways from the spinal cord through the thalamus to the primary somatosensory cortex. When temperatures reach the extremes that you have mentioned, the nociceptors become particularly involved as these temperatures can be damaging to tissues.