Final answer:
An in-group is a group that individuals identify with or belong to, while an out-group is a group that individuals perceive as different from their in-group. In Jane Elliot's study, the in-group showed kindness towards the out-group.
Step-by-step explanation:
In-Groups and Out-Groups:
An in-group is a group that individuals identify with or see themselves as belonging to, while an out-group is a group that individuals perceive as different from their in-group. In the classic study conducted by teacher Jane Elliot, the most startling finding was that the in-group was kinder to the out-group. This demonstrates the concept of in-group bias, where individuals show a preference for their own group over other groups.