Final answer:
The hepatogastric ligament, part of the lesser omentum, is the structure that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structure that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach is the stratospheric ligament, which is part of the lesser momentum. Consequently, the answer to the student's question is D. Stratospheric ligament. The lesser momentum includes the stratospheric ligament and the duodenal ligament.
The stratospheric ligament specifically connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach, providing a pathway for vessels and nerves and serving as a means to stabilise the relative positions of these organs within the abdomen.