Final answer:
The reaction converting glucose into lactic acid and ATP is known as anaerobic respiration, which occurs when oxygen is not available.
Step-by-step explanation:
The reaction shown, where glucose is converted into lactic acid and ATP, is a process known as anaerobic respiration. It occurs when oxygen is scarce or absent, and cells need to produce ATP without the oxygen-dependent aerobic respiration pathway kicking in.
In muscles during strenuous exercise, when oxygen cannot be supplied fast enough, this reaction takes place to continue ATP production, although it is less efficient than aerobic respiration and results in lactic acid accumulation, which can lead to muscle fatigue. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is d. anaerobic respiration.