Final answer:
Prostaglandins and histamine are local hormones involved in inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, and blood flow, with prostaglandins contributing to inflammation and pain, and histamine causing vasodilation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Local hormones that are involved in inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, and blood flow are called prostaglandins and histamine. These substances are part of the body's response to tissue injury. Prostaglandins can induce smooth muscle contraction, lower blood pressure, and contribute to the inflammatory response, whereas histamine is involved in initiating vasodilation, which is the widening of blood vessels that increases blood flow. This process causes the redness and heat associated with inflamed tissue. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin and ibuprofen work by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins, thereby reducing inflammation and pain.