Final answer:
The spatial arrangement of atoms and outer electrons in covalently bonded species can be predicted using the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model.
Step-by-step explanation:
We can predict the spatial arrangement of atoms and outer electrons for any covalently bonded species using the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model. This model predicts the shapes of molecules and polyatomic ions by considering the number of electron pairs around the central atom. According to the VSEPR model, electron pairs in the Lewis structure form electron groups, which are positioned around the central atom to minimize repulsions and achieve the molecular structure with the lowest energy.