Final answer:
The first line treatment for pediculosis involves topical insecticides: permethrin, pyrethrins plus piperonyl butoxide, and malathion. These treatments are considered safe for humans when used as directed and work by targeting the nervous system of the lice.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first line treatment of pediculosis, also known as lice infestation, typically includes three topical insecticides: permethrin, pyrethrins plus piperonyl butoxide, and malathion. Permethrin 1% cream rinse is used to treat head lice and is recommended due to its safety profile and efficacy. Pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide can also be used for head lice; they are derived from chrysanthemum flowers and act as a neurotoxin to the lice.
Malathion 0.5% lotion is another option, effective against head and body lice, and it works by inhibiting important enzymes in the lice. These topical insecticides target the nervous system of the lice, leading to their death. While they are toxic to the lice, they are generally safe for human use when applied according to the instructions. It is important to follow the treatment regimen carefully to avoid resistance and to ensure complete eradication of the lice.