Final answer:
Bacillus cereus, a foodborne pathogen, can cause diarrheal and emetic (vomiting) types of gastroenteritis, and is particularly associated with rice and foods left out at room temperature.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Bacillus food-borne pathogen that causes two types of gastroenteritis is Bacillus cereus. This bacterium can lead to two kinds of illness: the diarrheal type and the emetic (or vomiting) type. B. cereus is commonly found in soils and can produce endospores that survive cooking processes. The illness typically occurs after eating foods like rice that have been left at room temperature for an extended period.
This pathogen can produce toxins that lead to symptoms such as nausea, abdominal pain, and cramps. The emetic form of the illness is particularly associated with causing vomiting due to a toxin that B. cereus produces.