Final answer:
We retrieve information from our long-term memory predominantly via recall or recognition. Recall is used when retrieving information without cues, like in essay tests, while recognition is used when identifying familiar information, such as in multiple-choice tests.
Step-by-step explanation:
There are three primary ways we retrieve information from our long-term memory: recall, recognition, and relearning. Recall is the ability to retrieve information without the aid of cues.
For instance, writing an essay on a test would require you to recall information learned previously.
Recognition, on the other hand, involves identifying information you've encountered before, which involves comparison. An example of recognition would be a multiple-choice test, where you recognize the correct answer from a list of options.