Final answer:
The question appears to be about pharyngeal arches, but the provided information is about the vertebral arch, a part of the vertebra that protects the spinal cord and serves as an attachment for various processes and articulation with other vertebrae. The fourth pharyngeal arch in human embryology contributes to laryngeal cartilages but there is no detailed information provided on this topic.
Step-by-step explanation:
It seems that the original question What skeletal structures arise from arch 4? might be referring to the pharyngeal arches in human embryonic development rather than structures in the vertebral arch. However, the given information mostly describes the structure of the vertebral arch rather than embryonic pharyngeal arches.
The vertebral arch is a key component in the anatomy of a vertebra, forming the posterior portion of the bone and serving as an attachment point for muscles and articulation with adjacent vertebrae. It consists of pedicles and laminae which together provide protection for the spinal cord in the vertebral foramen. From the vertebral arch, seven processes, including the transverse processes and a spinous process, arise to serve as sites for muscle attachment and contribute to articulation between vertebrae through the superior and inferior articular processes.
Unfortunately, the provided resources do not contain specific information on the structures that arise from the fourth pharyngeal arch. In human embryology, the fourth pharyngeal arch contributes to the formation of certain laryngeal cartilages - the thyroid and cricoid cartilages in specific.