Final answer:
Max Weber taught the use of 'verstehen' for deep understanding in social science research, emphasizing cultural insights.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individual who taught his students about the importance of using verstehen, which is the German term for "deep understanding" or "insight", in their intellectual work, was the sociologist Max Weber. Weber emphasized the need to understand the social world from an insider's perspective and highlighted the influence of cultural biases in research. His approach was crucial in the development of social sciences as it recognized the complexity of human behavior, which cannot always be predicted by standard scientific methods.