Final answer:
An AIRMET is an Aerological Meteorological Report, a SIGMET is a Significant Meteorological Information message, and a Convective SIGMET is a Convective Significant Meteorological Information message.
Step-by-step explanation:
An AIRMET is an Aerological Meteorological Report that provides information about weather conditions that could potentially affect the safety of aircraft operations. AIRMETs are issued for a specific geographic area and describe hazards such as moderate turbulence, icing, and low-level wind shear. AIRMETs are typically issued every 6 hours.
A SIGMET is a Significant Meteorological Information message that alerts pilots to potentially hazardous weather conditions that could be a safety threat to aircraft operations. SIGMETs are issued for significant weather phenomena such as severe turbulence, severe icing, thunderstorms, and volcanic ash. SIGMETs are issued as needed and are valid for up to 4 hours.
A Convective SIGMET is a Convective Significant Meteorological Information message that is specifically issued for the hazards associated with thunderstorms. Convective SIGMETs provide information about severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, and large hail that can pose a safety risk to aircraft. Convective SIGMETs are issued as needed and are valid for 2 hours.