Question

Which of the following are indications for surgical endodontic intervention? (a) A non-negotiable canal with periapical pathosis; (b) A sinus tract that persists after repeated treatment; (c) Periapical pathosis in a tooth with a post and core retained crown.

A. (a) and (b)
B. (a) and (c)
C. (b) and (c)
D. All of the above

Answer 1

Indications for surgical endodontic intervention include a non-negotiable canal with periapical pathosis, a sinus tract that persists after repeated treatment, and periapical pathosis in a tooth with a post and core retained crown.

Step-by-step explanation:

Indications for surgical endodontic intervention include:

1. A non-negotiable canal with periapical pathosis
2. A sinus tract that persists after repeated treatment
3. Periapical pathosis in a tooth with a post and core retained crown

Therefore, the correct answer is (C) (b) and (c).

Surgical endodontic intervention may be required in cases where non-surgical root canal treatment is not successful or is contraindicated. Examples of such cases include when there is a non-negotiable canal (a canal that cannot be adequately cleaned and shaped) with periapical pathosis (infection or inflammation around the root tip) and when a sinus tract (a path that connects the infected area inside the root with an opening in the gum) persists even after repeated nonsurgical treatment. Surgical endodontic intervention may also be necessary in teeth with periapical pathosis that have a post and core retained crown.