Final answer:
The question pertains to the effects of crosswind on an aircraft's trajectory, requiring knowledge of vector subtraction to determine wind speed and direction, as well as pilot strategies to compensate for wind during flight.
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the exercises involves determining the speed and direction of the wind affecting an airplane flying north with its ground velocity being altered. The airplane's intended velocity is 45.0 m/s due north, while the actual ground velocity is 38.0 m/s at an angle to the west of north. To find the wind speed and direction, we need to use vector subtraction, where the airplane's velocity with respect to the air minus the wind's velocity equals the ground velocity.
Another scenario examines how a pilot compensates for wind during flight. The pilot must adjust the aircraft heading slightly east of north to counteract a wind coming from the north. This involves constructing a vector equation and graphing the vectors to solve for the plane's ground velocity and the necessary heading adjustment. The exercises demonstrate how pilots must understand and compensate for crosswinds to maintain their intended flight path safely and effectively, which is crucial for both takeoff and navigation during flight.