Final answer:
The new Congress on January 3 was divided over the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare. The Republicans, controlling the House, sought its repeal, facing opposition from the Senate and presidency held by Democrats. The ACA led to an increase in insured Americans but continues to face criticism and discussions of repeal.
Step-by-step explanation:
The new Congress faced contention over the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), commonly known as Obamacare, on January 3. This legislation represented a major overhaul of the U.S. healthcare system, aiming to provide more accessible and affordable health insurance to Americans. Despite the Republican opposition, which gained control of the House in the 2010 midterm elections, efforts to repeal the ACA were hindered by Democratic control of the Senate and the presidency. Republicans resorted to symbolic votes to demonstrate action to their constituents, knowing the limits of their actual power to reverse the law.
Discontent with the ACA was a key factor in the Republican victory during the 2010 midterm elections and fanned the flames of the Tea Party movement, advocating for reduced government spending and size. However, the ACA's provisions, including the individual mandate and expanded healthcare coverage, survived challenges both in Congress and in the Supreme Court case National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius.
The impact of the ACA has been significant, with an increase in insured Americans. However, opposition persists due to concerns about the cost and deficit spending associated with the law. Attempts to repeal the ACA continue, with the Trump administration indicating such intentions, but no alternative plan has made it before Congress as of yet.