Final answer:
The adjudicatory power of administrative agencies is to resolve disputes, with power derived from the Executive branch. Oversight occurs via Congress, the president, citizen actions, and internal whistleblowers, while courts offer an additional layer of checks when cases are presented.
Step-by-step explanation:
The adjudicatory power of administrative agencies is primarily to decide on controversies. These agencies have the authority to issue rules or regulations that enforce statutes, a power that comes through the Executive branch of government. As part of the checks and balances system, Congress and the president exercise oversight by holding hearings, approving appointments, and setting budgets. Furthermore, citizens also exert oversight through mechanisms like the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and voting. Agencies' internal watchdogs—whistleblowers—also play a role in accountability.
Through judicial review, courts uphold checks on agency power but typically only when a specific case is brought before them. The complexity of modern governance often requires the delegation of congressional powers to the executive branch, which in turn reinforces the importance of administrative agencies in carrying out these delegated tasks.