Final answer:
An Adenoidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove enlarged pharyngeal tonsil tissue (adenoids) above the soft palate to enhance breathing and prevent recurring infections.
Step-by-step explanation:
The procedure that involves the excision of lymphoid tissue superior to the soft palate to facilitate breathing is called an Adenoidectomy. The lymphoid tissue referred to here is the pharyngeal tonsil, commonly known as the adenoid, which is located in the nasopharynx. Adenoids can become enlarged, leading to breathing problems and recurring infections. An adenoidectomy is often performed to remove the adenoids and alleviate these issues, allowing for better airflow through the nasal passages. The adenoids come into contact with pathogens entering through the mouth and nose, trapping and destroying them with lymphocytes. This immune function is crucial, especially in children. However, when the adenoids become enlarged, it can cause obstructions leading to health complications, including frequent ear infections due to their proximity to the auditory tubes.