Final answer:
Researchers using qualitative methods begin by asking a broad question, conduct background research to refine their question, and then choose an appropriate data collection method such as interviews or observations. They gather qualitative data, analyze it, and refine their investigation based on their findings.
Step-by-step explanation:
Initially, they ask a broad question about a social trend, which leads them to conduct background research. This involves reviewing relevant literature including books, articles, and possibly other media sources to gain more insight and refine the research question. The next step is to design the research method that best suits the question. Common qualitative methods include in-depth interviews and participant observation, aiming to understand the symbolic worlds of the research subjects. Depending on the approach, sociologists may also formulate a hypothesis to guide their investigation. During data collection, researchers gather qualitative data like personal experiences, observations, and interview transcripts. This is followed by an analysis phase, where data is carefully interpreted to draw meaningful conclusions. If necessary, researchers may revisit their data, ask more focused questions, or even engage in further research or fieldwork.