Question

Cross-matching is the process by which the paperwork for the donor unit and the recipient are matched and is subject to clerical error. When is cross-matching required?

A) Whenever a patient receives a transfusion
B) Whenever the patient receives blood from a donor (as opposed to blood they had previously donated)
C) When the patient receives red blood cells
D) When the patient receives plasma
E) Only in nonemergency situations

Answer 1

Cross-matching is required when the patient receives red blood cells to avoid transfusion reactions, except in life-threatening emergencies where type O blood may be used without matching.

Step-by-step explanation:

Cross-matching is a critical step required before performing a blood transfusion, especially when the patient is receiving red blood cells. This process ensures that the donor's red blood cells are compatible with the recipient's serum and that no hemagglutination will occur, which could otherwise lead to potentially life-threatening transfusion reactions. The correct answer to when cross-matching is required is: C) When the patient receives red blood cells.

However, there are exceptions to this process. In emergency situations, such as when a patient is experiencing an acute hemorrhage that threatens their life, there might not be enough time for cross-matching. Under these circumstances, type O blood may be administered, as it is considered the universal donor and is less likely to produce an immediate adverse reaction.