Final answer:
The viscosity of a liquid decreases with increased temperature and is influenced by intermolecular forces. The viscosity of a gas increases with temperature due to more collisions between molecules. The depth of magma can affect its viscosity, with shallower magma typically having lower viscosity due to higher temperatures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The viscosity of a liquid depends on two factors: temperature and the intermolecular forces (IMFs) between the molecules of the liquid. When temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the molecules also increases, which reduces the effects of cohesive forces and decreases the viscosity of the liquid. On the other hand, the viscosity of a gas increases with temperature because higher temperature leads to more collisions between gas molecules, resulting in stronger IMF interactions and higher viscosity.
As for the depth of magma, the viscosity can vary depending on the temperature and composition of the magma. Generally, magma closer to the surface tends to have lower viscosity due to higher temperatures. This is because the increased temperature reduces the cohesive forces between the magma molecules, making it less viscous and more likely to flow. In contrast, magma at greater depths where temperatures are lower tends to have higher viscosity, making it thicker and less likely to flow easily.