Final answer:
The dog's reaction to an umbrella displaying fear and submission is a conditioned response due to past negative experiences. This is an example of classical conditioning and highlights the importance of understanding canine behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the scenario described, the dog’s reaction to the umbrella is an example of conditioned response. This response occurs due to the dog’s previous negative experiences with an umbrella. When the dog was hit for peeing on the floor, it created a negative association with the object — the umbrella. Hence, now when the dog sees an umbrella, it shows signs of fear and submission, such as licking lips and ears going back, as it anticipates the possibility of being hit again.
This is an example of classical conditioning, a learning process that was first described by Ivan Pavlov, where a neutral stimulus (the umbrella) becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus (being hit) that elicits an unconditioned response (fear or pain). Eventually, the neutral stimulus alone can elicit a response similar to the unconditioned response, which is now called a conditioned response.
In terms of canine behavior, it is crucial for owners to understand these reactions to avoid reinforcing negative behaviors and instead use positive reinforcement training techniques to ensure a well-adjusted and happy pet.