Final answer:
The scenario of a dog moving back to its owner to avoid pressure on its nose and then receiving a treat is an example of negative reinforcement in operant conditioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
The dog pulling against a halter moves back toward the owner to remove pressure on the nose, and the handler then gives the dog a treat. This scenario describes a type of learning called negative reinforcement in operant conditioning. Negative reinforcement occurs when a behavior is strengthened because a negative condition is stopped or avoided as a consequence of the behavior. In this case, the unpleasant pressure on the dog's nose is stopped when the dog moves back toward the owner, and as an additional reinforcement, the dog receives a treat. This series of actions increases the likelihood that the dog will repeat this behavior in the future to avoid the unpleasant pressure and to receive a treat.