Final answer:
Mental testing is aimed at improving cognitive development, where proper education plays a key role. Intelligence testing faces challenges like cultural biases, but efforts are made to refine these tests. Education in psychology provides critical thinking and scientific evaluation skills that are valuable in various fields.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mental testing becomes a theory for enhancing cognitive development through proper education. Cognitive development in adolescence involves complex thought processes, such as abstract thinking and the ability to consider multiple points of view. Cognitive skills are not just a measure of mental capacity but also involve improvements in existing skills, leading to more efficient and speedier processing of information. In essence, proper education aims to foster these skills, preparing individuals to critically evaluate information and develop better communication skills which are crucial for success in various aspects of life. Additionally, the prefrontal cortex plays a key role in organizing information, and enhanced cognitive abilities can stem from a well-rounded educational background.
However, intelligence and mental testing are not without controversies; for instance, IQ tests have faced criticism for cultural bias. To ensure fairness and effectiveness, researchers like Jack A. Naglieri have worked to develop testing programs that are more equitable. Education in psychology itself offers valuable outcomes, exposing students to critical thinking skills, scientific methodology, and the critical evaluation of sources, fostering scientific literacy and analytical competencies required in the modern world.