Final Answer:
Maternal PKU has a significantly increased risk on the infant.
Step-by-step explanation:
Maternal PKU, or Phenylketonuria, is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. This enzyme is responsible for converting phenylalanine (Phe) into tyrosine. In individuals with PKU, the inability to metabolize phenylalanine leads to its accumulation in the blood, which can be detrimental during pregnancy.
During pregnancy, high levels of phenylalanine in the maternal bloodstream can cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus. The elevated phenylalanine levels pose a risk of intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, and congenital heart defects in the infant. The extent of the risk is directly correlated with the degree of maternal phenylalanine control.
The risk can be quantified by monitoring maternal blood phenylalanine levels, aiming to maintain them within the recommended range (usually less than 360 µmol/L). Regular monitoring and adherence to a low-phenylalanine diet are crucial to mitigate the risks associated with maternal PKU.
Failure to manage phenylalanine levels adequately increases the risk of harm to the infant, emphasizing the importance of maternal education, dietary compliance, and medical supervision throughout the pregnancy. In summary, the impact of maternal PKU on the infant is significant and underscores the need for vigilant management to minimize the associated risks.