Final answer:
The glomerulus facilitates filtration through high-pressure capillaries, a specialized filtration membrane with fenestrations, podocyte filtration slits, a shared basement membrane, and the charge properties of the membrane, which allow smaller molecules to pass while larger proteins and blood cells are excluded.
Step-by-step explanation:
The feature of the glomerulus that helps the process of filtration is its unique structure consisting of specialized capillaries known for their high-pressure environment, which aids in filtering the blood.
The blood pressure in these capillaries is responsible for pushing water and solutes out into Bowman's capsule to form what is known as the glomerular filtrate.
Additionally, the filtration membrane, which includes fenestrations in the glomerular endothelial cells, podocytes with filtration slits, basement membrane, and the charge of the membrane, ensures that substances like blood cells and large proteins are excluded from the filtrate while smaller molecules like ions, amino acids, and wastes pass through, creating a filtrate composition very similar to plasma.