Final answer:
The main points covered in the case regarding the pharmaceutical industry's challenges are changes in technology and market dynamics, revolutionizing the drug discovery and development process, and the lack of productivity in the industry.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main points covered in the HBS case study titled 'Pfizer and the Challenges of the Pharmaceutical Industry (A)' regarding the pharmaceutical industry's challenges are:
- The challenges faced by the pharmaceutical industry in drug research and development due to changes in technology and market dynamics.
- The revolutionization of the drug discovery and development process by the progress in biomedical knowledge, completion of the human genome sequencing project, rational drug design, recombinant biotechnology, and combinatorial chemistry.
- The lack of productivity in the pharmaceutical industry despite the exponential increase in the number of new chemical entities (NCEs).