Final answer:
The first stage of grief in Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's model is denial, which includes disbelief as a common initial reaction to the reality of the situation. The correct option is d. disbelief.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's five stages of grief, disbelief is a common initial reaction that aligns most closely with the denial stage. This stage is characterized by the person's inability to accept the reality of the situation, encapsulated in thoughts such as "I feel fine" or "This is not really happening to me." The correct answer to the question, which asks about the survivor's first stage of grief, would therefore be denial, reflected in expressions of disbelief.