Final answer:
The type of conditioning where an association is formed between one stimulus and another is classical conditioning.
Step-by-step explanation:
In which type of conditioning is an association formed between one stimulus and another? The correct answer is d. Classical conditioning. In classical conditioning, also known as Pavlovian conditioning, organisms learn to associate one stimulus with another. This type of associative learning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally and reflexively produces a response.
After repeated pairings, the previously neutral stimulus alone can evoke a response that is similar to the reflexive unconditioned response, now called the conditioned response. The famous experiment by Ivan Pavlov illustrates this, where dogs were conditioned to salivate in response to the ringing of a bell, which was previously a neutral stimulus, after it was repeatedly paired with the sight or smell of food.