Final answer:
The direct answer to the student's question is 'a) anger; aggressive behavior'. The frustration-aggression hypothesis suggests that frustration leads to anger, resulting in aggressive actions towards others.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis, frustration induces anger, which then causes aggressive behavior. This concept is rooted in the theory by Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mowrer, and Sears, which posits that when a person's goal-oriented actions are blocked or thwarted, resulting frustration produces an aggressive drive. This aggression can manifest in various forms, often as behavior that intends to harm another individual either physically or psychologically.
The hypothesis has been influential in understanding social and psychological behaviors, indicating that the presence of frustrating stimuli can lead to aggression. It has also been a basis for further psychological studies and theories, such as reforms to learned helplessness models and associations with affective states like anxiety and depression in relation to physical health.