Final answer:
Discipline and punishment by Carter Hay should be balanced with awareness of psychological impacts on children, favoring reinforcement, and recognizing the influence of cultural and educational backgrounds.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to low-self-control theorist and criminologist Carter Hay, discipline and punishment of children must be implemented with careful consideration of the potential negative consequences.
Immediate punishment can be a method to decrease undesirable behavior, but it may lead to the development of fear and aggression in the child. Drawbacks of physical punishment include teaching children to fear the punisher and potentially increasing the likelihood of antisocial behavior and delinquency.
It is suggested that reinforcement and catching a child doing good can be more effective strategies. Additionally, social factors such as cultural background and education can influence attitudes towards punishment, with some regions and individuals without college education being more likely towards physical punishment. Overall, it is important to balance discipline with an understanding of its possible psychological impacts on children.