Final answer:
Involuntary responses are associated with classical conditioning, while voluntary responses are linked to operant conditioning. Classical conditioning involves learning to associate a naturally occurring response with a new stimulus, while operant conditioning is about learning from the consequences of behavior. The answer is option A.
Step-by-step explanation:
Involuntary responses are to classical conditioning as voluntary responses are to operant conditioning. This is the correct pairing because, in classical conditioning, an organism learns to associate an automatic response with a stimulus that normally would not bring about that response. A classic example would be Pavlov's dogs salivating to the sound of a bell, a response normally associated with the sight or smell of food.
In operant conditioning, on the other hand, the organism learns to associate a behavior with its consequences. This could either reinforce the behavior, making it more likely to occur again or punish the behavior, making it less likely to occur. An example of operant conditioning is a dolphin doing flips in response to a whistle because it has learned that this behavior is followed by a reward of fish.