Final answer:
The special term for partial losses in marine insurance is 'particular average,' which refers to damage that affects only specific goods. Coinsurance is a related concept where the policyholder pays a part of the loss, and the insurance company pays the rest.
Step-by-step explanation:
The special marine term for partial losses in insurance is known as particular average. This term refers to the partial loss or damage of a marine cargo, which is covered under a marine insurance policy. When such a loss occurs, it is affected only to the specific goods or shipments, distinguishing it from general average, where the loss is shared among all stakeholders.
Marine insurance policies also involve coinsurance, where the policyholder pays a certain percentage of the loss, and the insurance company covers the remaining cost. This is a common method used to prevent moral hazard, as it encourages the insured party to take care in protecting their property since they have to bear a portion of any losses incurred.