Final answer:
Proteins destined for the mitochondria or chloroplast undergo Post-Translational Import, which involves recognition by receptors on the organelles' membranes after the proteins have been synthesized and folded in the cytosol. The correct option is C.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a protein is to be sent to the mitochondria or chloroplast, the correct process is Post-Translational Import. This process occurs after the protein has been fully synthesized in the cytosol. These proteins have a specific signal sequence that targets them to their respective organelles.
They are recognized by receptor proteins on the outer membrane of the mitochondria or chloroplasts due to the exposed N-terminal signal peptide, which allows them to be imported into the organelle even though they have already folded into their tertiary structure.