Final answer:
ABGs are the test related to the respiratory system and help diagnose conditions like respiratory acidosis and alkalosis, indicating compensatory mechanisms in response to imbalances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The test of the respiratory system among the options given is ABGs, which stands for Arterial Blood Gases. This test measures the pH, carbon dioxide (PCO₂), and bicarbonate (HCO3⁻) levels in blood, aiding in the diagnosis of acidosis and alkalosis, and determining whether the imbalance is respiratory or metabolic. For example, in a case of asthma with laboratory results showing a pH of 7.31, PCO₂ higher than normal, and total HCO3⁻ also higher than normal, the condition can be classified as respiratory acidosis with evidence of compensatory mechanisms at work, as the body attempts to regulate the imbalanced pH by adjusting HCO3⁻ levels.