Question

What are Arrhenius' revised acid-base definitions?

a) Acids produce hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions; bases produce hydronium ions.
b) Acids donate protons (H⁺ ions); bases accept protons.
c) Acids accept electrons; bases donate electrons.
d) Acids release hydrogen ions (H⁺); bases release hydroxide ions (OH⁻).

Answer 1

The Arrhenius acid-base definitions are that acids release hydrogen ions (H+), and bases release hydroxide ions (OH−) in aqueous solutions.

Step-by-step explanation:

Arrhenius' revised acid-base definitions state that acids release hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solutions, whereas bases release hydroxide ions (OH−). This contrasts with the Brønsted-Lowry definition, which posits that acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors, and the Lewis theory, which defines acids as electron pair acceptors and bases as electron pair donors. The Arrhenius model is specifically limited to aqueous solutions, highlighting the generation of H+ ions by acids and OH− ions by bases upon dissociation in water.