Final answer:
The respiratory membrane consists of the alveolar epithelium, elastic basement membrane, interstitial space, and the capillary endothelium, facilitating the diffusion of gases across its 0.5 µm thickness.
Step-by-step explanation:
The respiratory membrane is a critical part of the respiratory system that facilitates the exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood in the capillaries. This membrane is composed of four main layers:
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The membrane in total is approximately 0.5 µm (micrometers) thick and permits the diffusion of gases like oxygen entering the bloodstream and carbon dioxide exiting into the alveoli. This efficient gas exchange is aided by the large surface area of the lungs and the thinness of the respiratory and blood capillary membranes.