Final answer:
Immunodeficiency diseases weaken the immune system, making a person more susceptible to infections. Hypersensitivity states are exaggerated immune responses to harmless substances or self-antigens. Examples of immunodeficiency diseases include SCID and HIV/AIDS, while examples of hypersensitivity states include allergies and autoimmune diseases.
Step-by-step explanation:
Immunodeficiency diseases are conditions where the immune system is weakened or impaired, making a person more vulnerable to infections and diseases. Examples of immunodeficiency diseases include Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), HIV/AIDS, and DiGeorge syndrome. On the other hand, hypersensitivity states are exaggerated or excessive immune responses to harmless substances or self-antigens. The four types of hypersensitivity are Type I (immediate hypersensitivity), Type II (cytotoxic hypersensitivity), Type III (immune complex hypersensitivity), and Type IV (delayed hypersensitivity). Examples of hypersensitivity states include allergies (e.g., hay fever), autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), and graft rejection in organ transplantation.