Final answer:
The correct answer to the analogy 'DNA : mRNA' is 'mRNA : amino acids', as mRNA directs the sequence of amino acids to be added to a protein, similar to how DNA is transcribed into mRNA.
Step-by-step explanation:
The analogy presented in the question 'DNA : mRNA' can be understood by looking at the roles of DNA and the different forms of RNA in protein synthesis. DNA contains the instructions for the synthesis of proteins, and mRNA is the molecule that conveys this information from the DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are assembled. Similarly, transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome in accordance with the sequence coded on the mRNA. Therefore, the correct answer to the analogy is 'mRNA : amino acids' as it fits the pattern of a molecule carrying information or components necessary for protein synthesis.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is read in sets of three bases known as codons. Each codon corresponds to a single amino acid, dictating the sequential addition of amino acids to a developing protein strand. The role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is to ensure proper alignment of mRNA and ribosomes, facilitating the formation of peptide bonds that link amino acids into polypeptides, eventually yielding functional proteins.